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In May of 2006, among other announcements, Google announced Google Co-op. This article is a follow-on article to a previous article, "Google Co-Op Overview", which provided a high-level overview of Google Co-op. This article will go into one of the components of Google Co-Op, Topics, in more detail than was covered in the previous article.

Google Co-Op is important to users for several reasons.

According to USFDA, a combination product is one composed of any combination of a drug and device; biological product and device; drug and biological product

Google Co-Op allows users to contribute information that will help Google to improve search results for everyone. In addition, Google Co-Op allows an end-user to customize their own search experience so that information that is more relevant and trusted will appear at the top of the user's search results. Users accomplish this by subscribing to "trusted" sources of information. Information from

; or drug, device, and biological product and fixed dose combination would include two or more combinations of drug.

Examples of combination products may in

those trusted sources will appear at the top of a user's search results for relevant searches.

Google Co-Op is a beta-test service now being offered by Google. Anyone with a Google account may participate. While still in its infancy, Google Co-Op represents Google's efforts to embrace social web and social search concepts in a major way to help improve Google search results. Google Co-op consis

lude drug-coated devices, drugs packaged with delivery devices in medical kits, and drugs and devices packaged separately but intended to be used together.

s of two things:

Topics, which are simply a means of labeling web content
Subscribed links, which are a means for users to subscribe to a particular web site's content

Topics can further be sub-divided into two things:

The ability to create an entire categorization or labeling scheme
The ability to simply provide labels for web content, whic

here is enormous increase in the number of combination products entering the market in the recent years. Combination products have proven advantages but fixe

Google calls annotations

The remainder of this article will focus on the annotations aspect of Google Topics.

Annotations to URLs

Annotating URLs is perhaps the easiest part of Google Co-Op to understand. It also requires the least amount of technical expertise to implement. A "topic" is simply Google's way of saying "area of interest". Topics are a labeling or categorizat

d dose combinations are still in the process of convincing regulatory authority on their advantages over the single ingredient formulations.

Combination pro

on scheme. Topics allow users a way of providing labels (which may also be referred to as tags, or categories) for information on the web (represented by URLs). Labels may be provided for an entire web site, portions of a web site, or even a specific web page. These "labels" provide some indication of the topic or topics for a given web site or page. In essence, they provide additional informati

ucts have become life saving products for the pharmaceutical companies who doesn’t have many innovative molecules in their product pipeline and have been inc

n on what the web site is all about.

Anyone with a Google account can label web sites. Google refers to the process of providing labels for web sites as "Annotating URLs". An annotation is simply the association of a label, or multiple labels, with a URL. For example, a travel site might get the label "destination_guide".

Users may use labels for topics that Google already has under developmen

easingly used in the product life cycle management. Even the companies having product patents are trying to extend their product life cycle through the combi

, which include: health, destination guides, autos, computer & video games, photo & video equipment, and stereo & home theater. Users may also develop their own labels for topics. For example, if a user has an interest in "wine" they may develop labels for the topic wine, which may include "wine_regions", "wine_types", etc. They can then use these labels to annotate sites that deal with wine.

A

nation products and maximize the revenues. But the companies involved in this practice are overlooking that they are burdening the patients both economically

end user may submit their annotations to Google in one of two formats: 1) in a tab-delimited format (which can be created using Microsoft Excel or any spreadsheet); or 2) in an XML file. Perhaps the easiest format for most users to deal with is simply to create a spreadsheet where the first column contains a URL or URL pattern, and the subsequent columns contain labels, one label to a column. F

and physically. They need to rightly judge the benefits of the combination products and they have to even look at the risks involved when combining the produ

rther information that may be associated with a URL in subsequent columns includes:

Score - a ranking of relevance from 0 to 1 (0 to 100%)
Comment
Attributes - user defined attributes which may only be included in the tab-delimited file format

Annotation Examples

A few examples will go a long way to illustrate annotating URLs. If I were using a

ts. Some of the combination products were well accepted by physicians while others suffered. Companies involved in development of combination products are fi

tab-delimited file to annotate a travel related web site it might look something like this:

URL Label &

ding difficulty in defining their combination products and facing various challenges from selecting a combination to marketing it.

Following aspects would a

bsp Label Label Score Comment http://www.travelsite.com/* sightseeing museums shopping 1 Detailed destination information

If I were using an XML

dd to the challenges in developing combination products:

Which markets to tap where the combination products can do fairly well?
Which combination prod

file to annotate the same travel related web site it might look something like this:

<Annotations> <file>travelsite-annotations.xml</file>

<Annotation> <about>http://www.travelsite.com/*</about>

<Label> <name>sightseeing</name> <score>1</score> <Comment>Detailed destination information</Comment

cts are meaningful and rational?
Which therapeutic categories to select?
Which Combinations can address unmet needs of the patients?
Do combin

gt; </Label>

<Label> <name>museums</name> <score>1</score> <Comment>Detailed destination information</Comment> </Label>

<Label> <name>shopping</name> <score>1</score> <Comment>Detailed destination information</Comment> </Label>

</Annotation>

tions increase the patient compliance?
What would be the developing cost?
How to tackle the risks encountered during combination product developmen

</Annotations>

Conventions for Labels

There are some simple conventions that should be followed when labeling content. First it is important to understand that labels may be applied to URLs or wildcard URLs. Using wildcards makes it much easier to label a lot of content with a few statements. For example:

Labels applied to www.mywebsite.com/ would only apply to that spe

t?

As combination products don't fit into the traditional categories of drugs, medical devices, or biological products, the USFDA is in the process of devel

ific page of the web site

Labels applied to www.mywebsite.com/* would apply to all URLs that starts with the URL "www.mywebsite.com"

Labels applied www.mywebsite.com/*tips would apply to all URLs that start with the URL "www.mywebsite.com" and contain the word "tips"

A single URL may have multiple labels. If using a tab-delimited file, each label must appear in i

ping new procedures for reviewing their safety, efficacy and quality.

Professional from academic institutions, pharmaceutical industries, health care indust

s own column.

Labels should be all lower case with all punctuation and conjunctions (and, or) removed. For example, "hardware and software" would become "hardware_software".

Labels should be as short as possible and as unambiguous as possible. Watch out for words that can mean multiple things.

Additional Information

There are many good places to find additional information. The fi

y and representatives from various regulatory agencies are working out to design the regulatory requirements for manufacture and sale of combination products

st is the Google Co-Op Site (http://www.google.com/coop) where they have posted a Topics Developers Guide. The Google Co-Op FAQ is also helpful. There is also a good article entitled "How to Use Google Co-op" at Google Blogoscoped (http://blog.outer-court.com/archive/2006-05-11-n40.html).

Why is Labeling Content Important?

The process of labeling content will benefit ever

.

As there is an increasing trend of the combination products companies manufacturing such products should be able to tackle the problems involved in the de

one in several ways. Labels will provide Google with a vast amount of information about web sites, potentially down to a very granular, or individual page level. If an individual's annotations are found to improve the quality of the search results, they will be shown to everyone. In essence, over time, Google will use annotations and other aspects of Google Co-Op to improve search results.

C

elopment. They need to be wiser in analyzing the market trends and the regulatory requirements.

Companies that provide selfless information through particip

nclusion

Annotating URLs is a relatively low effort task for individuals that can reap benefits for everyone - better and more relevant search results. While still in its infancy, and going through the growing pains that are normal for services that are in beta test, Google Co-op clearly has a lot of promise to enable Google to provide much more powerful and relevant search results to users

tion in industry events and feedback to regulatory authorities would be able to face the challenges and will be successful in developing combination products

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BB link (for phorums):
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