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Accounting
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Accounting - Three Major Areas
There are three major functional areas in accounting for any business. All three go hand in hand for effective business management.
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Financial Accounting With Double Entry Bookkeeping - Traditional Methods of Financial Accounting
The following information about a business is very vital, namely, the total earnings during the period, the expenditure during the period on salaries, wages, lighting, insurance, rates and taxes etc, the profit or loss, the capital and causes of its increase or decrease, Nature and value of assets possessed by the business, Nature and amount of liabilities, Customers who owe to the business and the amount in each case, Suppliers to whom the business has to make payments and the amount in each case and Other facts for filing sales tax or income tax returns. The above describes in nutshell the purpose of bookkeeping and financial accounting.
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Accounting Conventions and Accounting Concepts
Accounting Conventions - The term convention means 'established usage.' Conventions are based on practicability and usage. For example, the relationship of 12 units forming a dozen is a convention. Accounting Concept - Denotes logical consideration and a notion which is generally and widely accepted. The term is not used in the sense of a set of hard and fast rules but rather of rules of general application which provide guide in selection of accounting methods appropriate in particular circumstances.
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Balancing the Accounts and Necessity of Ledger
Balancing the account necessarily validates the mathematical accuracy of the posting of accounts by ensuring that any amount posted on debit side is also reflected by same amount on credit side. The ledger basically keeps the record of these debit and credit entries which are created by equal amount. If each entry is balanced this way any account in ledger will reflect a correct amount as debit or credit.
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Difference Between Journal and Ledger
Journal and Ledger both are prime book of entries and journal is the first step of writing the transactions and ledger is posting of the entries of journal or transactions. Double entry aspect of accounting entries ensures that each account in ledger reflects correct transactions for the account. In ledger each account has listing of transactions that affected the account being listed. Amount is mentioned against each/part of transaction.
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